التيكنيلوجيا الحديثة لاطفاء الحرائق

CO2 Fire Extinguisher

Type

Named

Component

CO2 Fire Extinguisher

CO2 Fire Extinguisher

Sodium bicarbonate solution, concentrated sulfuric acid

Lemon juice or vinegar, baking soda

High-pressure liquid carbon dioxide

Advantages

Disadvantages

Environmental Influence

1. Low cost
2. Cooling effect
3. For a variety of flammable liquid fire fighting
4. Non-conductive, non-moisture, easily disperse, leaving no trace, applicable in the firefighting against 600-volt (V) such as electrical equipment, precision instruments, expensive production equipment, books, files and other fire.

1. carbon dioxide as a moderately toxic material, there is a certain risk
2. easily causing suffocation when
   use a large amount of carbon dioxide
3. not applicable in airtight space
4. Unable to put out chemical oxygen and oxides of fire.
5. avoid direct sunlight and vibration, and best placed at low temperature.
6. after put out fire, it is easily reburned

1. Impact on the climate: the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide will cause global warming

 Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher

Type

Name

Component

Phosphate dry powder

ABC dry powder fire extinguisher

（NH₄H₂PO₄）70%+

Ordinary dry powder

BC dry powder fire extinguisher

（NaHCO₃）90%+

Potassium powder

KBC dry powder fire extinguisher

（KHCO₃）85%+

Potassium sulfate powder

XBC dry powder fire extinguisher

－

Potassium chloride powder

XBC-SO dry powder fire extinguisher

（K₂SO₄）70%+

Potassium bicarbonate and urea chemical reaction

XBC-CL dry powder fire extinguisher

（KCℓ）70%+

XBC-Monnex dry powder fire extinguisher

Potassium 27~29%, Nitrogen 14~17%（KHCO₃+H₂NCONH₂

Advantages

Disadvantages

Environmental Influence

1. Low cost
2. Easy operated
3. Put out fire easily
4. Long shelf life
5. Non-conductive
6. Used to produce a larger range of coverage
7. Efficiency in E type fire

1. toxic, corrosive
2. Poor visibility when used.
3. After work cleaning, resulting in secondary pollution.
4. no cooling effect, easy to reburned, must operate with fire extinguishers
5. Used only once
6. Cause hard breathing and irritation
7. Could not use in large area such as forest fire
8. High electric power used in production machinery and equipment

1. Impact on water: the concentration of phosphate increased the formation of water eutrophication, can easily lead to the natural ecological balance.
2. Impact on soil: dry powder containing hydrophobic components which will cause soil hydrophobic and qualitative change in the land.
3. Impact on climate: produce large amounts of carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, causing global warming.
4. Impact on human body: inhalation overdose very easily lead to aspiration pneumonia and chemical pneumonia

Air Foam Fire Extinguisher

Type

Named

Component

Chemical

Foam

Common type of chemical foam fire extinguishing agent

VP-type chemical foam fire extinguishing agent

Aluminum sulfate (in powder) and sodium bicarbonate (outside the powder), synergist (fluorocarbon surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants).

VPB-type chemical foam fire extinguishing agent

Multi-functional chemical foam fire extinguishing agent

VPB-type chemical foam fire extinguishing agent

Mechanical

Foam

Protein Foam

P foam extinguishing agent

Hydrolyzed protein concentrate (animal and plant protein)

Fluoro-protein foam extinguishing agent

FP foam extinguishing agent

Fluorocarbon surfactant, hydrolyzed protein concentrate.

Synthetic foam

S foam extinguishing agent

Hydrocarbon surfactants.

Alcohol resistant foam

AR foam extinguishing agent

1. Hydrolyzed protein-based on acids of zinc, cadmium, aluminum and other organic salts.
2. Hydrolyzed protein or synthetic surfactants as a foam, and add natural polymers alginate.
3. Made of the fluorocarbon surfactant and polysaccharide
4. To add a special protein foam liquid fluorocarbon surfactant and a variety of metal salts
5. Made of Silicone surfactant material

Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing

AFFF foam extinguishing agent

Fluorocarbon surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, other additives

Film fluoro-protein foam extinguishing

FFFP foam extinguishing agent

Fluorocarbon surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, film-forming agent, hydrolyzed protein concentrate.

Advantages

Disadvantages

Environmental Influence

1. High mobility.
2. Prevent afterburning.
3. Can block the thermal radiation.
4. With cooling effect.
5. Can dilute the concentration of oxygen near the combustion.
6. Cut of the combustion surface and the air
7. Can effectively apply in Class B fires.

-

Chemical foam:

1. toxic, corrosive.
2. short shelf life.
3. difficulty in cleaning  and  caused environmental pollution.

Chemical foam:

1. Acidification to the soil
2. Harmful to environment and human body
3. Extinguishing agent in the production process is not environmentally friendly, affect the surrounding environment.

Mechanical Foam：

1. Corrosion, easy rancid, short shelf life.
2. Protein foam extinguishing agent cannot be used in combination with dry powder extinguishing agent.
3. AFFF foam fire extinguishing agent, poor resistance to burning of oil and stop the closure time of resurgence of a short time
4. Fluorocarbon surfactant production costs are high
5. will cause water pollution, and difficulties in afterward cleaning
6. Could not use in large area such as forest fire

Mechanical foam:

1. high production cost process in electricity, water, coal, also produce mercaptan, sulfide, a large number of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, a large number of wastewater, waste gas, waste and serious pollution of the environment and a serious waste of energy .
2. Fluorocarbon surfactants and hydrocarbon surfactants are petrochemical products, especially the fluorocarbon surfactant. Also fluoride in the natural environment is not easy to degrade, resulting in long-term accumulation of damage, resulting in a comprehensive environmental impact.
3. Perfluorocarbon greenhouse gases will destroy the ozone layer, causing global warming.
4. Fluorinated surfactant and a hydrophobic, cause soil hydrophobic. As wind and water erosion caused by surface drying, causing a qualitative change in the land.

Water-Form Fire Extinguisher

Type

Named

Components

Dissolvable tiny foam fire extinguisher agent

DTE fire extinguisher

Water, natural lignin, surfactants, flame retardants, foaming agents.

Advantages

Disadvantages

Environment Influence

1. Efficiency in put out fire
2. Prevent afterburning
3. rapid cooling effect, cooling the fire temperature instantly.
4. non-toxic, odorless,non-corrosive.
5. no secondary pollution.
6. with a soft or hard water dilution.
7. easy operation, without special equipment restrictions.
8. Automatically dissolved in water, without power assist.
9. can be used for large area fires, such as forest fires, ship fires.
10. Can be perform in Class B fire

1. Fire extinguishing agent to be diluted for use, requiring a larger storage tank.
2. does not apply to electrical fire

1. DTE extinguishing agent combined the fungi with soil by biological decomposition and transform into organic fertilizer, which can promote plant growth.
2. DTE fire extinguishing agent transformed into steam when exposed to heat. It does not produce toxic gases, and will not cause the greenhouse effect, also do not pollute the environment, no cost for afterward cleaning.
3. DTE extinguishing agents does not contain heavy metals, which discharged into water will not cause pollution of rivers and waterways.
4. DTE extinguishing agent pass through the 38 substances of high concern screening, restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC), proved non-toxic, no heavy metal content of the organism and the natural environment without any pollution.

Comparison on the Fire Extinguisher Agent

 Ability tocontrolthe fireassessment analysis

2. DTE Compare with Water for Fire Test